Conjugaison
suggérée
de tous les verbes Sindarin connus ou dérivés
Généralement, la grammaire des langages de Tolkien est relativement simple et directe. Une des composantes les plus complexes semble être la conjugaison des verbes Sindarin. On devrait cependant insister sur le fait que nous n'avons pas de grammaire faite par Tolkien à consulter; il écrivit certainement à ce sujet, mais le matériel pertinent n'a pas été publié. Ainsi nous devons reconstruire le système à partir de très rares preuves, et des publications futures pourraient altérer de manière significative notre compréhension. Pour citer mon propre article sur le Sindarin, "Pour être sûr, des centaines de verbes sont listés dans les Etymologies, mais nous avons si peu de textes réels en Sindarin que nous ne pouvons pas toujours être sûrs de comment ces verbes doivent être conjugués. Dans les Ety elles-mêmes, Tolkien fit quelques fois une liste des quelques formes infléchies d'un verbe à partir de la forme basique, mais ses notes sont extrêmement denses, et souvent il n'est même pas clair ce que les formes infléchies sont censées signifier. Mais nous essayons de généraliser à partir de nos quelques exemples, en prenant en compte toutes les choses que nous pensons savoir sur la phonologie Eldarine, l'évolution du Sindarin et le système verbal primitif tel qu'il peut être dérivé du Quenya, et nous pourrions arrivr à quelque chose comme le système que nous allons esquisser ici."
En préparant mon article sur le Sindarin,
Preparing my article
about Sindarin, I myself attempted to conjugate all attested Sindarin
verbs in all their known forms, according to the system reconstructed
by David Salo. That was a useful exercise. It occurred to me that I should
publish the whole list, since this might facilitate attempts to write
in Sindarin. Unfortunately, the known Sindarin verbs are not very numerous
(numbering less than 200), severely limiting what we can express in that
language. Even so, a survey of the known or inferred verbs might be useful,
so that prospective writers can know what is possible to express.
However, even if the verb with the desired meaning is not found in the
list below, all is not lost. Sometimes we can extrapolate Sindarin verbs
from Quenya or some autre Eldarin language, and there must be many verbs
in the vast mass of unpublished material that will hopefully be made available
to scholarship one day.
KEY:
In the list below, the verbs are given like this example (the second on
the list): adertha- "reunite", inf. adertho, présent adertha,
passé aderthanne- (3ème pers.sing. aderthant), fut. aderthatha,
imp. adertho, part. aderthol (perfectif aderthiel),
pp. aderthannen (pl. aderthennin), ger. aderthad.
Thus, the verb is listed in ten main forms:
1. First, as the
entry-head, comes the uninflected "stem" of the verb, followed by its
gloss: Adertha- "reunite".
2. Then follows
the "inf." of infinitive form, in this case adertho: "to
reunite".
3. The "présent"
or present tense is listed next, adertha: "reunites" or
"is reuniting". It is possible, however, that what we here call the present
tense is in many cases rather the aorist, hence more strictly "reunites"
rather than continuative "is reuniting". We don't know if Sindarin makes
such distinctions. It is clear that many of the "present tenses" here
presented descend from the same forms that came out as aorists in Quenya.
4. The "passé"
= past tense is here listed twice, aderthanne- and the 3rd person
singular aderthant. The form aderthanne- is not complete
by itself, as is indicated by the final hyphen. It must receive some ending
for the appropriate person or number; see below. In some cases, the same
goes for the present tense: there are two forms listed, the 3rd person
singular which is complete by itself, and an alternative form that covers
all autre persons and numbers, to be further specified by adding the appropriate
ending (instead of the final hyphen).
5. After the past
tense follows the "fut." = future tense, here aderthatha
"will reunite".
6. Next comes the
impératif, always ending in -o: adertho "reunite!"
The impératif in -o covers all persons and numbers (Letters:427).
In many cases, including our example, the impératif and the infinitive
are identical in form (but in anautre class of verbs, the infinitive has
the distinct ending -i).
7. After the impératif
comes the "part." = participle. By participle we here refer to
the active or present participle (as opposed to the "pp."
= past/passive participle). The active participle is listed in two variants.
The "normal" participle, in our example aderthol, is a word with
adjectival meaning, "reuniting", describing an ongoing action. But following
it, parenthetically, we also list:
8. anautre active
participle with a perfectif meaning: aderthiel, that may
be translated "having reunited". The word is still adjectival, but it
describes an action that is completed rather than ongoing.
9. The "pp." =
past (or better passive) participle is listed next.
This is anautre adjectival derivation, usually describing the state an
object enters when exposed to this verbal action: If you "reunite" something,
it becomes aderthannen = "reunited". Like most adjectives, the
past participle also has a distinct plural form, used when it describes
a plural noun or multiple nouns. We list the plural form parenthetically
(aderthennin).
NOTE: Because
of their meaning, describing a state or a wholly intransitive action,
some verbs may not have any past participle (e.g. cuina- "be alive");
we still list what form it would have (in this case cuinannen pl.
cuinennin), though in such cases the "past participle" may actually
be rather meaningless - never really occurring in Sindarin texts.
10. Finally we
list the "ger." = gerund, which is a verbal noun: aderthad,
"reuniting" or - as it is translated in the Silmarillion chapter
13 - "reunion" (the narrative referring to the Mereth Aderthad
or "Feast of Reunion"). Do not confuse this derived noun with the active
participle that is adjectival in meaning (though in English, both
gerunds and active participles can be translated as a form in "-ing",
like "reuniting" in this case).
Endings for number and person: Except for the 3rd person singular, the Sindarin verb takes endings for various persons. The finite forms listed below are normally 3rd person singular, which can be turned into anautre person by adding the appropriate ending. Where the form that would receive the ending differs somewhat from the 3rd person singular, it is listed first with a hyphen at the end where the ending must be supplied, and the 3rd person singular is listed parenthetically immediately afterwards, e.g. like this: "ortha- "raise" (...) passé orthanne- (3ème pers.sing. orthant)." The form orthanne- is incomplete by itself and must receive an ending. These are the known, certain endings for various persons, attested in published material: First person singular -n ("I"), first person plural -m ("we"), and third person plural -r (which is only attested as a mere plural inflection, but quite possibly it can actually be used to translate "they"). Hence we would have for instance orthannen "I raised", orthannem "we raised", orthanner "they raised" (or just the plural form of this verb, used where there is a plural subject). One minor peculiarity is not indicated in the list below: When the ending -n for "I" is added to a finite form ending in -a, this vowel for some reason changes to -o- before this pronominal ending. The 3rd person sg. forms linna "sings, is singing" and its future tense linnatha "shall sing" therefore appear as linnon "I sing" and linnathon "I shall sing" (both of these first person forms are directly attested, the future tense in A Elbereth Gilthoniel and the present tense in Lúthien's Song). - The ending for the 2nd person ("you", singular or plural) does not appear in published material. However, in an Elfling post of January 22, 2002, Carl F. Hostetter wrote: "Charts can be found showing -ch as 2nd sg." As he immediately added, this ending had autre meanings in earlier conceptual phases, but today it is best known as the ending for singular "you" (so used in Movie Sindarin). We have no explicit information about plural "you"; some have assumed that the relevant ending is -l, corresponding to Quenya -llë.
The 3rd person singular: This form, listed by itself, can be considered the basic form from which the forms with endings are derived. This is also the form used if an independent pronoun (of whatever person) is used instead of a pronominal ending attached to the verb itself, as the inscription on the Moria Gate: Im Narvi hain echant, "I, Narvi, made them". If "I" had not been expressed as a separate word (im), the first person ending -n could have been added directly to the verb echant instead, producing *echannen "I made" (reworked from **echanten for phonological reasons). - While the 3rd person has no distinct pronominal ending, it seems that an independent pronoun like e would often be placed before it for the sake of clarity, as in e aníra "he desires" in the King's Letter (SD:128-9). It has been theorized that e may not mean specifically "he", but is rather a general 3rd person marker, covering "she" and peut-être even "it" as well. (But at an earlier stage at least, Tolkien also envisioned gender-specific pronouns: ho "he", he "she", ha "it": LR:385. These would also be used in conjunction with the 3rd person singular form of the verb.)
Nasalized verbs: When a verb is derived from a stem that originally had an initial nasalized stop mb-, nd-, or ng- (which combinations are preserved in certain environments) this is indicated in the list, e.g. like this: banga- (mb-) "trade". After the relative pronoun i "who", plural in, such verbs would have mutations that differ from the "normal" ones - e.g. in a relative sentence like i manga "who trades" (for i mbanga), pl. i mbangar "who trade" (for in mbangar). A "normal" verb in b-, sc. a b that does not descend from earlier mb-, would behave differently: Beria- "protect" would become i veria "who protects" (for i beria), pl. i meriar "who protect" (for in beriar). See my main Sindarin article regarding soft mutation and nasal mutation (notice the section "Special cases: The development of nasalized stops").
Special symbols here used: ! = unattested or speculative word or form of a word deduced from autre words or roots (e.g. !cab- leap, only attested as a gerund cabed leaping), ? = uncertain word or form. The asterisk * marks a form that is unattested either because it is altered from what seems to be a typo or misreading in the sources, or in the sense that it is altered from its forme attestée in anautre Tolkien-language - usually some variant of "Noldorin" - to its likely (but unattested) Sindarin form. An example is *rhib- scratch for "Noldorin" thrib-. (Some quite simple and trivial updates, such as reading Sindarin l- for "Noldorin" lh-, are not especially marked in any way.) In a few cases, * also marks unattested glosses. - These symbols are not used wholly consistently; the vast majority of verb-forms here listed are of course unattested as such, and yet are not especially marked in any way.
Liste de Verbes Sindarin
!abonna- *"porter après", sc. "porter un enfant qui n'est
pas le premier-né" (peut-être pas réellement utilisé
comme verbe; seulement le pp. Abonnen pl. Ebennin
[archaïque Eboennin, WJ:387] est attesté, l'équivalent
du Quenya Apanónar, les "Après-nés" comme
nom des Hommes Mortels, les Second-nés d'Ilúvatar). Inf.
abonno, présent abonna, passé abonne-
(3ème pers.sing. abonnant), fut. abonnatha, imp.
abonno, part. abonnol (perfectif abenniel), pp. abonnen
(pl. ebennin), ger. abonnad
!adertha-
"réunir", inf. adertho, présent adertha, passé
aderthanne- (3ème pers.sing. aderthant), fut. aderthatha,
imp. adertho, part. aderthol (perfectif aderthiel),
pp. aderthannen (pl. aderthennin), ger. aderthad
(ce dernier étant la seule forme attestée)
*adlanna-
"pencher", inf. adlanno, présent adlanna, passé
adlanne- (3ème pers.sing. adlannant, ou peut-être
juste adlant), fut. adlannatha, imp. adlanno, part.
adlannol (perfectif edlenniel), pp. adlannen (pl.
edlennin), ger. adlannad. Ce verbe apparaît mystérieusement
comme "atlanno" dans la source, LR:390 s.v. TALÁT, mais
selon tout ce que nous pensons savoir sur le langage, t devrait
être lénifié en d dans cette position.
anglenna- "approcher",
inf. anglenno, présent anglenna, passé anglenne-
(3ème pers.sing. anglennant), fut. anglennatha, imp.
anglenno, part. anglennol (perfectif anglenniel),
pp. anglennannen (pl. anglennennin) (normalement probablement
raccourci en anglennen pl. anglennin), ger. anglennad
aníra-
"désirer", inf. aníro, présent aníra,
passé anirne- (3ème pers.sing. anirn), fut.
aníratha, imp. aníro, part. anírol
(perfectif aníriel), pp. anirnen (pl. anirnin),
ger. anírad
anna- "donner",
inf. anno, présent anna, irregular passé one-
(3ème pers.sing. aun), fut. annatha, imp. anno,
part. annol (perfectif óniel), pp. onen (pl.
onin), ger. annad
aphada- "suivre",
inf. aphado, présent aphada, passé aphanni-
(3ème pers.sing. aphadant), fut. aphadatha, imp.
aphado, part. aphadol (perfectif aphódiel),
pp. aphannen (pl. ephennin), ger. aphaded
!athra-
"traverser", inf. athro, présent athra, passé
athranne- (3ème pers.sing. athrant), fut. athratha,
imp. athro, part. athrol (perfectif ethriel), pp.
athrannen (pl. ethrennin), ger. athrad (ce dernier
étant la seule forme attestée, mais cf. la prochaine entrée
)
athrada- "traverser",
inf. athrado, présent athrada, passé athranne-
(3ème pers.sing. athrant), fut. athradatha, imp.
athrado, part. athradol (perfectif athródiel),
pp. athrannen (pl. ethrennin), ger. athradad
ava- "ne pas
vouloir"; avo "ne...pas" (devant des verbes à l'impératif,
toute consonne initiale est lénifiée : avo garo!
"ne [le] fais pas !", garo étant la forme lénifiée
de l'impératif de car-, q.v.) Inf. avo, présent
ava, passé amme- (3ème pers.sing. am),
fut. avatha, imp. avo, part. avol (perfectif óviel),
pp. ammen (pl. emmin), ger avad
awartha- "abandonner",
inf. awartho, présent awartha, passé awarthanne-
(3ème pers.sing. awarthant), fut. awarthatha, imp.
awartho, part. awarthol (perfectif ewerthiel), pp.
awarthannen (pl. ewerthennin), ger. awarthad
!bad- "aller",
inf. bedi, présent bedi- (3ème pers.sing.
bâd), passé benni- (3ème pers.sing.
bant), fut. beditha, imp. bado, part. badel
(perfectif bódiel), pp. bannen (pl. bennin),
ger. baded
banga- (mb-)
"commercer", inf. bango, présent banga, passé
!bange- (3ème pers.sing. !banc), fut. bangatha,
imp. bango, part. bangol (perfectif bengiel), pp.
bangen (pl. bengin), ger. bangad
bartha- (mb-)
"destiner", inf. bartho, présent bartha, passé
barthanne- (3ème pers.sing. barthant), fut. barthatha,
imp. bartho, part. barthol (perfectif berthiel),
pp. barthannen (pl. berthennin), ger. barthad
batha- "piétiner",
présent batha, passé bathanne- (3ème
pers.sing. bathant), fut. bathatha, imp. batho, part.
bathol (perfectif bethiel), pp. bathannen (pl. bethennin),
ger. bathad
baugla- (mb-)
"contraindre, oppresser"; inf. bauglo, présent baugla,
passé bauglanne- (3ème pers.sing. bauglant),
fut. bauglatha, imp. bauglo, part. bauglol (perfectif
baugliel), pp. bauglannen (pl. bauglennin), ger.
bauglad
baw "ne...pas!
non!" (impératif only)
beria- "protéger",
inf. berio, présent beria, passé berianne-
(3ème pers.sing. beriant), fut. beriatha, imp. berio,
part. beriol (perfectif bóriel), pp. beriannen
(pl. beriennin), ger. beriad
bertha- "oser",
inf. bertho, présent bertha, passé berthanne-
(3ème pers.sing. berthant), fut. berthatha, part.
berthol (perfectif berthiel), pp. berthannen (pl.
berthennin), ger. berthad
blab- "battre"
(ex. une aile), inf. blebi, présent blebi- (3ème
pers.sing. blâb), passé blemmi- (3ème
pers.sing. blamp), fut. blebitha, imp. blabo, part.
blabel (perfectif blóbiel), pp. blammen (pl.
blemmin), ger. blabed
boda- "interdire,
prohiber ", inf. bodo, présent boda, passé
bodanne- (3ème pers.sing. bodant), fut. bodatha,
part. bodol (perfectif bódiel), pp. bodannen
(pl. bodennin), ger. bodad
*boe (mb-)
"il est nécessaire, on doit, il faut" (verbe impersonnel, apparemment
pas infléchi davantage. La forme *boe est adaptée
au Sindarin à partir du "Noldorin" bui, LR:372 s.v. MBAW.)
breitha- "éclater
soudainement ", inf. breitho, présent breitha, passé
breithanne- (3ème pers.sing. breithant), fut. breithatha,
part. breithol (perfectif breithiel), pp. breithannen
(pl. breithennin), ger. breithad
brona- "durer,
survivre ", inf. brono, présent brona, passé
bronne- (3ème pers.sing. bronn), fut. bronatha,
part. bronol (perfectif brúniel), pp. bronnen
(pl. brennin), ger. bronad
bronia- "endurer",
inf. bronio, présent bronia, passé bronianne-
(3ème pers.sing. broniant), fut. broniatha, imp.
bronio, part. broniol (perfectif brúniel),
pp. broniannen (pl. broniennin), ger. broniad
buia- "servir,
prêter allégeance à", inf. buio, présent
buia, passé buianne- (3ème pers.sing. buiant),
fut. buiatha, imp. buio, part. buiol (perfectif buiel),
pp. buiannen (pl. buiennin), ger. buiad
!cab-
"sauter, bondir", inf. cebi, présent cebi- (3ème
pers.sing. câb), passé cemmi- (3ème
pers.sing. camp), fut. cebitha, imp. cabo, part.
cabel (perfectif cóbiel), pp. cammen (pl.
cemmin), ger. cabed (ce dernier étant la seule
forme attestée)
can- "crier,
appeler", inf. ceni, présent ceni- (3ème pers.sing.
cân), passé cenni- (3ème pers.sing.
cann), part. canel (perfectif cóniel), fut.
cenitha, imp. cano, pp. cannen (pl. cennin),
ger. caned
car- "faire,
construire", inf. ceri, présent ceri- (3ème
pers.sing. câr), irregular passé agore- (3ème
pers.sing. agor), fut. ceritha, imp. caro, part.
carel (perfectif córiel), pp. coren? (ou
carnen? - pl. soit corin soit cernin, an conséquence),
ger. cared
!cen-
"voir"; inf. ceni, présent ceni- (3ème pers.sing.
cên), passé cenni- (3ème pers.sing.
cenn), part. cenel (perfectif cíniel), fut.
cenitha, imp. ceno, pp. cennen (pl. cennin),
ger. cened (ce dernier étant la seule forme attestée)
critha- "faucher,
moissonner ", inf. critho, présent critha, passé
crithanne- (3ème pers.sing. crithant), fut. crithatha,
part. crithol (perfectif crithiel), pp. crithannen
(pl. crithennin), ger. crithad
cuia- "vivre",
inf. cuio, présent cuia, passé cuianne-
(3ème pers.sing. cuiant) (autre suggestion: cuine-,
3ème pers.sing. cuin), fut. cuiatha, imp. cuio,
part. cuiol (perfectif cuiel), pp. cuiannen (pl.
cuiennin) (autre suggestion: cuinen, pl. cuinin),
ger. cuiad
cuina- "être
vivant ", inf. cuino, présent cuina, passé
cuinanne- (3ème pers.sing. cuinant), fut. cuinatha,
imp. cuino, part. cuinol (perfectif cuiniel), pp.
cuinannen (pl. cuinennin), ger. cuinad
dag- (nd-)
"tuer", inf. degi, présent degi- (3ème pers.sing.
dâg), passé dengi- (3ème pers.sing.
danc), fut. degitha, imp. dago, part. dagel
(perfectif dógiel), pp. dangen (pl. dengin),
ger. daged
dagra- (nd-)
"faire la guerre", inf. dagro, présent dagra, passé
dagranne- (3ème pers.sing. dagrant), fut. dagratha,
imp. dagro, part. dagrol (perfectif degriel), pp.
dagrannen (pl. degrennin), ger. dagrad
*damma-
(nd-) "marteler" (mauvaise lecture "damna" dans LR:375 s.v.
NDAM), inf. dammo, présent damma, passé
irrégulier damminne- (3ème pers.sing. dammint),
fut. dammatha, part. dammol, perfectif demmiel, pp.
damminnen (pl. ?damminnin ), ger. dammad. Nous
devrions infléchir damma- un peu comme cice si nous voulions
accepter l'étrange passé dammint listé dans
LR:375 comme correct. C'est, cependant, hautement tentant de supposer
que ceci est une mauvaise lecture ou une erreur de typo pour dammant,
cela conviendrait aux modèles observés ailleurs. Si le passé
est corrigé en dammant (damanne-), le pp. devrait
être dammannen, avec une forme plurielle demminnin.
!danna-
"tomber", inf. danno, présent danna, passé
danne- (3ème pers.sing. dannant, or peut-être
just dant), fut. dannatha, imp. danno, part. dannol
(perfectif denniel), pp. dannen (pl. dennin), ger.
dannad
dar- "stopper,
arrêter", inf. deri, présent deri- (3ème
pers.sing. dâr), passé derni- (3ème
pers.sing. darn), fut. deritha, imp. daro, part.
darel (perfectif dóriel), pp. darnen (pl.
dernin), ger. dared
dartha- "attendre,
rester, durer, endurer", inf. dartho, présent dartha,
passé darthanne- (3ème pers.sing. darthant),
fut. darthatha, imp. dartho, part. darthol (perfectif
derthiel), pp. darthannen (pl. derthennin), ger.
darthad
delia- "dissimuler",
inf. delio, présent delia, poetic or archaïque
past tense dole- (3ème pers.sing. daul), ("moderne",
non-archaïque delianne-, 3ème pers.sing. deliant?),
fut. deliatha, imp. delio, part. deliol (perfectif
dúliel), pp. dolen (pl. dolin), ger. deliad
díhena-
"pardonner" (avec la matière pardonnée comme objet; contraire
gohena-); inf. díheno, présent díhena,
passé díhenne- (3ème pers.sing. díhenn),
fut. díhenatha, imp. díheno, part. díhenol
(perfectif díhíniel), pp. díhennen
(pl. díhennin), ger. díhenad
dilia- "stop
up", inf. dilio, présent dilia, passé
dilianne- (3ème pers.sing. diliant), fut. diliatha,
imp. dilio, part. diliol (perfectif díliel),
pp. diliannen (pl. diliennin), ger. diliad
doltha- "dissimuler",
inf. doltho, présent doltha, passé dolthanne-
(3ème pers.sing. dolthant) (aussi poétique/archaïque
passé dole-, 3ème pers.sing. daul), fut.
dolthatha, imp. doltho, part. dolthol (perfectif
delthiel), pp. dolen (pl. dolin) (peut-être
poétique/archaïque seulement, correspondant au "moderne" dolthannen
pl. delthennin), ger. dolthad
dortha-
(nd-) "habiter, rester", inf. dortho, présent dortha,
passé dorthanne- (3ème pers.sing. dorthant),
fut. dorthatha, imp. dortho, part. dorthol (perfectif
derthiel), pp. dorthannen (pl. derthennin), ger.
dorthad
drava- "tailler,
couper ", inf. dravo, présent drava, passé
dramme- (3ème pers.sing. dram, mais en poésie
aussi irrégulier dramp), fut. dravatha, part. dravol
(perfectif dróviel), pp. drammen (pl. dremmin),
ger. dravad
!drega-
"voler (oiseau)", inf. drego, présent drega, passé
drenge- (3ème pers.sing. drenc) OR passé
dreganne- (3ème pers.sing. dregant), fut. dregatha,
imp. drego, part. dregol (perfectif drígiel),
pp. drengen (pl. drengin - or pp. dragannen pl.
dregennin), ger. dregad. Ce verbe n'est attesté
qu'à l'impératif drego! Il est aussi possible que
cela doive être une racine consonantique dreg-, dans ce cas
cela devrait être comme ceci : Inf. dregi, présent
dregi- (3ème pers.sing. drêg), passé
drengi- (3ème pers.sing. drenc), fut. dregitha,
imp. drego, part. dregel (perfectif drígiel),
pp. drengen, ger. dreged
dringa-
"beat", inf. dringo, présent dringa, passé
dringanne- (3ème pers.sing. dringant), fut. dringatha,
imp. dringo, part. dringol (perfectif dringiel),
pp. dringannen (pl. dringennin), ger. dringad
echad- "make,
fashion", inf. echedi, présent echedi- (3ème
pers.sing. echad), passé echanne- (3ème pers.sing.
echant), fut. echeditha, imp. echado, part. echadel
(perfectif echódiel), pp. echannen (pl. echennin),
ger. echaded
*edledh-
"go into exile" (adapted to Sindarin from "Noldorin" egledhi-),
inf. edledhi, présent edledhi- (3ème pers.sing.
edledh), passé edlenni- (3ème pers.sing. edlenn),
fut. edledhitha, imp. edledho, part. edledhel (perfectif
edlídhiel), pp. edlennen (pl. edlennin), ger.
edledhed
*edledhia-
"go into exile" (adapted to Sindarin from "Noldorin" egledhia-),
inf. edledhio, présent edledhia, passé edledhianne-
(3ème pers.sing. edledhiant), fut. edledhiatha, imp.
edledhio, part. edledhiol (perfectif edlídhiel),
pp. edledhiannen (pl. edledhiennin), ger. edledhiad
edonna- "beget",
inf. edonno, présent edonna, passé edonne-
(3ème pers.sing. edonnant), fut. edonnatha, imp.
edonno, part. edonnol (perfectif edenniel), pp. edonnen
(pl. edennin), ger. edonnad
edra- "open",
inf. edro, présent edra, passé edranne-
(3ème pers.sing. edrant), fut. edratha, imp. edro,
part. edrol (perfectif edriel), pp. edrannen (pl.
edrennin), ger. edrad
egleria- "glorify,
praise", inf. eglerio, présent egleria, passé
eglerianne- (3ème pers.sing. egleriant), fut. egleriatha,
imp. eglerio, part. egleriol (perfectif aglóriel),
pp. egleriannen (pl. egleriennin), ger. egleriad
ego "be
off" (impératif only?)
eitha- "prick
with a sharp point, stab; treat with scorn, insult", inf. eitho,
présent eitha, passé eithanne- (3ème
pers.sing. eithant), fut. eithatha, imp. eitho, part.
eithol (perfectif eithiel), pp. eithannen (pl. eithennin),
ger. eithad
elia- "rain",
inf. elio, présent ail = impersonal 3ème pers.sing.
"it rains" (adapted to Sindarin from the "Noldorin" impersonal form
eil, oeil [= öil], LR:396 s.v. ULU), passé
eliant or aul = impersonal 3ème pers.sing. "it rained",
fut. eliatha = "it will rain", imp. elio, part. eliol
(perfectif úliel), pp. eliannen (pl. eliennin)
(or olen, pl. olin?), ger. eliad
ercha- "prick",
inf. ercho, présent ercha, passé erchanne-
(3ème pers.sing. erchant), fut. erchatha, imp. ercho,
part. erchol (perfectif erchiel), pp. erchannen (pl.
erchennin), ger. erchad
eria- "rise,
arise", inf. erio, présent eria, passé erianne-
(3ème pers.sing. eriant), fut. eriatha, imp. erio,
part. eriol (perfectif úriel), pp. eriannen
(pl. eriennin), ger. eriad
ertha- "unite",
inf. ertho, présent ertha, passé erthanne-
(3ème pers.sing. erthant), fut. erthatha, part. erthol
(perfectif erthiel), pp. erthannen (pl. erthennin),
ger. erthad
esta- "name,
call", inf. esto, présent esta (esta aen "is
called"), passé estanne- (3ème pers.sing. estant),
fut. estatha, imp. esto, part. estol (perfectif estiel),
pp. estannen (pl. estennin), ger. estad
faltha- "foam",
inf. faltho, présent faltha, passé falthanne-
(3ème pers.sing. falthant), fut. falthatha, imp.
faltho, part. falthol (perfectif felthiel), pp. falthannen
(pl. felthennin), ger. falthad
fara- "hunt",
inf. faro, présent fara, passé farne-
(3ème pers.sing. farn), fut. faratha, imp. faro,
part. farol (perfectif fóriel), pp. farnen
(pl. fernin), ger. farad
fir- "fade,
die", inf. firi, présent firi- (3ème pers.sing.
fîr), passé firni- (3ème pers.sing.
firn), fut. firitha, imp. firo, part. firiel
(perfectif fíriel), pp. firnen (pl. firnin),
ger. fired
fuia- "feel
disgust at, abhor", inf. fuio, présent fuia, passé
fuianne- (3ème pers.sing. fuiant), fut. fuiatha,
imp. fuio, part. fuiol (perfectif fuiel), pp. fuiannen
(pl. fuiennin), ger. fuiad
gad- "catch",
inf. gedi, présent gedi- (3ème pers.sing.
gâd), passé genni- (3ème pers.sing.
gant), fut. geditha, imp. gado, part. gadel
(perfectif gódiel), pp. gannen (pl. gennin),
ger. gaded
gala- "grow",
inf. galo, présent gala, passé galle-
(3ème pers.sing. gall), fut. galatha, imp. galo,
part. galol (perfectif góliel), pp. gallen
(pl. gellin), ger. galad
ganna- (ng-)
"play a harp", inf. ganno, présent ganna, passé
ganne- (3ème pers.sing. gand, or gannant),
fut. gannatha, imp. ganno, part. gannol (perfectif
genniel), pp. gannen (pl. gennin), ger. gannad
gannada- (ng-)
"harp, play a harp", inf. gannado, présent gannada,
passé ganne- (for gannanne-), 3ème
pers.sing. gannant; fut. gannadatha, imp. gannado,
part. gannadol (perfectif gennediel), pp. gannen
(pl. gennin), ger. gannadad
gar- "hold,
have, possess; be able, can", irregular inf. garo (maybe regular
*geri is also possible), présent geri- (3ème
pers.sing. gâr), passé gerni- (3ème
pers.sing. garn), fut. geritha, imp. garo, part.
garel (perfectif góriel), pp. garnen (pl.
gernin), ger. gared
gawa- (ng-)
"howl", inf. gawo, présent gawa, passé gone-
(3ème pers.sing. gaun), fut. gawatha, imp. gawo,
part. gówiel, pp. gonen (pl. gonin), ger.
gawad
genedia- "reckon",
inf. genedio, présent genedia, passé genedianne-
(3ème pers.sing. genediant), fut. genediatha, imp.
genedio, part. genediol (perfectif gonúdiel),
pp. genediannen (pl. genediennin), ger. genediad
gir- "shudder",
inf. giri, présent giri- (3ème pers.sing.
gîr), passé girni- (3ème pers.sing.
girn), fut. giritha, imp. giro, part. giriel
(perfectif gíriel), pp. girnen (pl. girnin),
ger. gired
glavra- "babble",
inf. glavro, présent glavra, passé glavranne-
(3ème pers.sing. glavrant), fut. glavratha, imp.
glavro, part. glavrol (perfectif glevriel), pp. glavrannen
(pl. glevrennin), ger. glavrad
gleina- "bound,
enclose, limit", inf. gleino, présent gleina, passé
gleinanne- (3ème pers.sing. gleinant), fut. gleinatha,
imp. gleino, part. gleinol (perfectif glóniel),
pp. gleinannen (pl. gleinennin), ger. gleinad. It
is possible that gleina- is an error for gleinia-; see VT42:8,
28. If so, read: inf. gleinio, présent gleinia, passé
gleinianne- (3ème pers.sing. gleiniant), fut. gleiniatha,
imp. gleinio, part. gleiniol (perfectif glóniel
in either case), pp. gleiniannen (pl. gleiniennin), ger.
gleiniad
glinga- "hang,
dangle", inf. glingo, présent glinga, passé
glinganne- (3ème pers.sing. glingant), fut. glingatha,
imp. glingo, part. glingol (perfectif glingiel),
pp. glingannen (pl. glingennin), ger. glingad
*glinna-
"glance at" (the forme attestée glintha- in WJ:337 must
be archaïque), inf. glinno, présent glinna,
passé glinne- (3ème pers.sing. glinnant),
fut. glinnatha, imp. glinno, part. glinnol (perfectif
glinniel), pp. glinnen (pl. glinnin), ger. glinnad
glir- "sing,
recite poem", inf. gliri, présent gliri- (3ème
pers.sing. glîr), passé glirni- (3ème
pers.sing. glirn), fut. gliritha, imp. gliro, part.
gliriel (perfectif glíriel), pp. glirnen (pl.
glirnin), ger. glired
gohena- "forgive"
(with person forgiven as object; contrast díhena-); inf.
goheno, présent gohena, passé gohenne-
(3ème pers.sing. gohenn), fut. gohenatha, imp. goheno,
part. gohenol (perfectif gohíniel), pp. gohennen
(pl. gehennin), ger. gohenad
gonathra- "entangle,
enmesh", inf. gonathro, présent gonathra, passé
gonathranne- (3ème pers.sing. gonathrant), fut. gonathratha,
imp. gonathro, part. gonathrol (perfectif genethriel),
pp. gonathrannen (pl. genethrennin), ger. gonathrad
gonod- "count
up, reckon, sum up", inf. genedi, présent genedi-
(3ème pers.sing. gonod), passé genenni- (3ème
pers.sing. gonont), fut. geneditha, imp. gonodo,
part. gonodel (perfectif gonúdiel), pp. gononnen
(pl. genennin), ger. gonoded
gosta- "fear
exceedingly", inf. gosto, présent gosta, passé
gostanne- (3ème pers.sing. gostant), fut. gostatha,
imp. gosto, part. gostol (perfectif gestiel), pp.
gostannen (pl. gestennin), ger. gostad
!govad-
"meet, come together", inf. gevedi, présent gevedi-
(3ème pers.sing. govad), passé gevenni- (3ème
pers.sing. govant), fut. geveditha, imp. govado,
part. govadel (perfectif govódiel), pp. govannen
(pl. gevennin), ger. govaded. (All that is actually attested
of this verb is the pp. govannen; the form govad- should
be seen as an educated guess about what the basic stem is.)
groga-
"feel terror", inf. grogo, présent groga, passé
grunge- (3ème pers.sing. grunc), fut. grogatha,
imp. grogo, part. grogol (perfectif grúgiel),
pp. grungen (pl. gryngin), ger. grogad
gruitha- "terrify",
inf. gruitho, présent gruitha, passé gruithanne-
(3ème pers.sing. gruithant), fut. gruithatha, imp.
gruitho, part. gruithol (perfectif gruithiel), pp.
gruithannen (pl. gruithennin), ger. gruithad
gwanna- "depart,
die", inf. gwanno, présent gwanna, passé gwanne-
(3ème pers.sing. gwannant), fut. gwannatha, imp.
gwanno, part. gwannol (perfectif gwenniel), pp. gwannen
(pl. gwennin), ger. gwannad
gwatha- "soil,
stain", inf. gwatho, présent gwatha, passé
gwathanne- (3ème pers.sing. gwathant), fut. gwathatha,
imp. gwatho, part. gwathol (perfectif gwethiel),
pp. gwathannen (pl. gwethennin), ger. gwathad
gwathra- "overshadow,
dim, veil, obscure", inf. gwathro, présent gwathra,
passé gwathranne- (3ème pers.sing. gwathrant),
fut. gwathratha, imp. gwathro, part. gwathrol (perfectif
gwethriel), pp. gwathrannen (pl. gwethrennin), ger.
gwathrad
*gwedh-
"bind" (the infinitive gwedi in LR:397 s.v. WED should
probably read *gweði, or as we will spell it:) inf. gwedhi,
présent gwedhi- (3ème pers.sing. gwêdh),
irregular passé gwedhanne- with 3ème pers.sing. gwedhant
(the regular passé forms had come to be perceived as archaïque
or poetic: gwenni-, 3ème pers.sing. gwend), fut.
gwedhitha, imp. gwedho, part. gwedhel (perfectif
gwídhiel), pp. gwennen (pl. gwennin) (this
form may have become archaïque along with the passé
gwend and would in that case have been replaced by the "modern"
pp. gwedhannen pl. gwedhennin), ger. gwedhed
gweria- "betray,
cheat", inf. gwerio, présent gweria, passé
gwerianne- (3ème pers.sing. gweriant), fut. gweriatha,
imp. gwerio, part. gweriol (perfectif gwóriel),
pp. gweriannen (pl. gweriennin), ger. gweriad
gwesta- "swear",
inf. gwesto, présent gwesta, passé gwestanne-
(3ème pers.sing. gwestant), fut. gwestatha, imp.
gwesto, part. gwestol (perfectif gwestiel), pp. gwestannen
(pl. gwestennin), ger. gwestad
hab- "clothe",
inf. hebi, présent hebi- (3ème pers.sing.
hâb), passé hemmi- (3ème pers.sing.
hamp), fut. hebitha, imp. habo, part. habel
(perfectif hóbiel), pp. hammen (pl. hemmin),
ger. habed
had- "hurl",
inf. hedi, présent hedi- (3ème pers.sing.
hâd), passé henni- (3ème pers.sing.
hant), fut. heditha, imp. hado, part. hadel
(perfectif hódiel), pp. hannen (pl. hennin),
ger. haded
haltha- "screen",
inf. haltho, présent haltha, passé halthanne-
(3ème pers.sing. halthant), fut. halthatha, imp.
haltho, part. halthol (perfectif helthiel), pp. halthannen
(pl. helthennin), ger. halthad
*hamma-
"clothe" ("hamnia" in LR:363 s.v. KHAP- must be a misreading),
inf. hammo, présent hamma, passé hammanne-
(3ème pers.sing. hammant), fut. hammatha, imp. hammo,
part. hammol (perfectif hemmiel), pp. hammannen (pl.
hemmennin), ger. hammad
harna- "wound",
inf. harno, présent harna, passé harnanne-
(3ème pers.sing. harnant), fut. harnatha, imp. harno,
part. harnol (perfectif herniel), pp. harnannen (pl.
hernennin), ger. harnad
!hartha-
"hope", inf. hartho, présent hartha, passé
harthanne- (3ème pers.sing. harthant), fut. harthatha,
imp. hartho, part. harthol (perfectif herthiel),
pp. harthannen (pl. herthennin), ger. harthad (the
latter form representing what is attested of this verb: SD:62)
hasta-
"hack through", inf. hasto, présent hasta, passé
hastanne- (3ème pers.sing. hastant), fut. hastatha,
imp. hasto, part. hastol (perfectif hestiel), pp.
hastannen (pl. hestennin), ger. hastad
heb- "keep",
inf. hebi, présent hebi- (3ème pers.sing.
hêb), passé hemmi- (3ème pers.sing.
hemp), fut. hebitha, imp. hebo, part. hebel
(perfectif híbiel), pp. hemmen (pl. hemmin),
ger. hebed
*heltha-
"strip". (Altered from the forme attestée helta- in LR:386
s.v. SKEL; the cluster lt would become lth in Sindarin,
so this must be a misprint or a misreading, unless the word is actually
meant to be Quenya. Its Sindarin cognate would still be *heltha-.)
Inf. heltho, présent heltha, passé helthanne-
(3ème pers.sing. helthant), fut. helthatha, imp.
heltho, part. helthol (perfectif helthiel), pp. helthannen
(pl. helthennin), ger. helthad
henia- "understand",
inf. henio, présent henia, passé henianne-
(3ème pers.sing. heniant), fut. heniatha, imp. henio,
part. heniol (perfectif hóniel), pp. heniannen
(pl. heniennin), ger. heniad
heria- "begin
suddenly and vigorously", inf. herio, présent heria,
passé herianne- (3ème pers.sing. heriant),
fut. heriatha, imp. herio, part. heriol (perfectif
húriel), pp. heriannen (pl. heriennin), ger.
heriad
!hol-
"close", inf. heli, présent heli- (3ème pers.sing.
hôl), passé helli- (3ème pers.sing.
holl), fut. helitha, imp. holo, part. holel
(perfectif húliel), pp. hollen (pl. hellin),
ger. holed. (Only pp. hollen is attested. Some think
this is a lenited form of *sollen; if so, read s for h
in all the forms just listed.)
hortha-
"urge on, speed", inf. hortho, présent hortha, passé
horthanne- (3ème pers.sing. horthant), fut. horthatha,
imp. hortho, part. horthol (perfectif herthiel),
pp. horthannen (pl. herthennin), ger. horthad
hwinia- "twirl,
whirl, eddy", inf. hwinio, présent hwinia, passé
hwinianne- (3ème pers.sing. hwiniant), fut. hwiniatha,
imp. hwinio, part. hwiniol (perfectif hwíniel),
pp. hwiniannen (pl. hwiniennin), ger. hwiniad
ista- "have
knowledge, inf. isto, présent ista, passé
istanne- (3ème pers.sing. istant), fut. istatha,
imp. isto, part. istol (perfectif istiel), pp. istannen
(pl. istennin), ger. istad
iuitha- "use,
employ". (Tolkien's actual gloss to this verb was almost unreadable
but Christopher Tolkien suggests "enjoy", but "employ" seems more likely
in light of the root meaning: "use, employ". See LR:400 s.v. YUK.)
Inf. iuitho, présent iuitha, passé iuithanne-
(3ème pers.sing. iuithant), fut. iuithatha, imp.
iuitho, part. iuithol (perfectif iuithiel), pp. iuithannen
(pl. iuithennin), ger. iuithad
laba- "hop",
inf. labo, présent laba, passé lamme-
(3ème pers.sing. lamp), fut. labatha, imp. labo,
part. labol (perfectif lóbiel), pp. lammen
(pl. lemmin), ger. labad
lacha- "flame",
inf. lacho, présent lacha, passé lachanne-
(3ème pers.sing. lachant), fut. lachatha, imp. lacho,
part. lachol (perfectif lechiel), pp. lachannen (pl.
lechennin), ger. lachad
lasta- "listen",
inf. lasto, présent lasta, passé lastanne-
(3ème pers.sing. lastant), fut. lastatha, imp. lasto,
part. lastol (perfectif lestiel), pp. lastannen (pl.
lestennin), ger. lastad
lathra- "listen
in, eavesdrop"; inf. lathro, présent lathra, passé
lathranne- (3ème pers.sing. lathrant), fut. lathratha,
imp. lathro, part. lathrol (perfectif lethriel),
pp. lathrannen (pl. lethrennin), ger. lathrad
lathrada- "listen
in, eavesdrop", inf. lathrado, présent lathrada,
passé lathranne- (présent lathrant), fut.
lathradatha, imp. lathrado, part. lathradol (perfectif
lethrediel), pp. lathrannen (pl. lethrennin), ger.
lathradad
lav- "lick",
inf. levi, présent levi- (3ème pers.sing.
lâf), passé lemmi- (3ème pers.sing.
lam), fut. levitha, imp. lavo, part. lavel
(perfectif lóviel), pp. lammen (pl. lemmin),
ger. laved
leitha-
"set free", inf. leitho, présent leitha, passé
leithanne- (3ème pers.sing. leithant), fut. leithatha,
imp. leitho, part. leithol (perfectif leithiel),
pp. leithannen (pl. leithennin), ger. leithad
limmida- "moisten",
inf. limmido, présent limmida, passé limminne-
(3ème pers.sing. limmint), fut. limmidatha, imp.
limmido, part. limmidol (perfectif limmidiel), pp.
limminnen (pl. limminnin), ger. limmidad
linna- "sing,
chant", inf. linno, présent linna, passé linne-
(3ème pers.sing. lind, or linnant), fut. linnatha,
imp. linno, part. linnol (perfectif linniel), pp.
linnen (pl. linnin), ger. linnad
loda- "float",
inf. lodo, présent loda, passé lunne-
(3ème pers.sing. lunt), fut. lodatha, imp. lodo,
part. lodol (perfectif lúdiel), pp. lunnen
(pl. lynnin), ger. lodad
*luitha-
"enchant" (adapted to normal Sindarin from Doriathrin Sindarin lútha-),
inf. luitho, présent luitha, passé luithanne-
(3ème pers.sing. luithant), fut. luithatha, imp.
luitho, part. luithol (perfectif luithiel), pp. luithannen
(pl. luithennin), ger. luithad
luithia- "quench".
Inf. luithio, présent luithia, passé luithianne-
(3ème pers.sing. luithiant), fut. luithiatha, imp.
luithio, part. luithiol (perfectif luithiel), pp.
luithiannen (pl. luithiennin), ger. luithiad
!mab-
"seize, take away by force" (only "Old Noldorin" map- is given,
LR:371 s.v. MAP), inf. mebi, présent mebi-
(3ème pers.sing. mâb), passé memmi-
(3ème pers.sing. mamp), fut. mebitha, imp. mabo,
part. mabel (perfectif móbiel), pp. mammen
(pl. memmin), ger. mabed
mad- "eat",
inf. medi, présent medi- (3ème pers.sing.
mâd), passé menni- (3ème pers.sing.
mant), fut. meditha, imp. mado, part. madel
(perfectif módiel), pp. mannen, ger. maded
maetha- "fight",
inf. maetho, présent maetha, passé maethanne-
(3ème pers.sing. maethant), fut. maethatha, imp.
maetho, part. maethol (perfectif maethiel), pp. maethannen
(pl. maethennin), ger. maethad
matha- "stroke,
feel, handle; wield" (confused with maetha- "fight"). présent
matha, passé mathanne- (3ème pers.sing. mathant),
fut. mathatha, imp. matho, part. mathol (perfectif
methiel), pp. mathannen (pl. methennin), ger. mathad
minna- "enter",
inf. minno, présent minna, passé minne-
(3ème pers.sing. minnant), fut. minnatha, imp. minno,
part. minnol (perfectif minniel), pp. minnen (pl.
minnin), ger. minnad
mista- "stray",
inf. misto, présent mista, passé mistanne-
(3ème pers.sing. mistant), fut. mistatha, imp. misto,
part. mistol (perfectif mistiel), pp. mistannen (pl.
mistennin), ger. mistad
muda- "labour,
toil", inf. mudo, présent muda, passé mudanne-
(3ème pers.sing. mudant), fut. mudatha, part. mudol
(perfectif múdiel), pp. mudannen (pl. mudennin),
ger. mudad
*naegra-
"cause pain" (Adapted to Sindarin from "Noldorin" negro-, LR:375
s.v. NÁYAK). Inf. naegro, présent naegra,
passé naegranne- (3ème pers.sing. naegrant),
fut. naegratha, imp. naegro, part. naegrol (perfectif
naegriel), pp. naegrannen (pl. naegrennin), ger.
naegrad
nag- "bite",
inf. negi, présent negi- (3ème pers.sing.
nâg), passé nengi- (3ème pers.sing.
nanc), fut. negitha, imp. nago, part. nagel
(perfectif nógiel), pp. nangen (pl. nengin),
ger. naged
nalla- "cry,
cry out", inf. nallo, présent nalla, passé
nallanne- (3ème pers.sing. nallant), fut. nallatha,
imp. nallo, part. nallol (perfectif nelliel), pp.
nallannen (pl. nellennin), ger. nallad
nara- "tell"
(a story) (an archaïque or poetic word), inf. naro,
présent nara, passé narne- (3ème pers.sing.
narn), fut. naratha, imp. naro, part. narol
(perfectif nóriel), pp. narnen (pl. nernin),
ger. narad
narcha- "rend",
inf. narcho, présent narcha, passé narchanne-
(3ème pers.sing. narchant), fut. narchatha, imp.
narcho, part. narchol (perfectif nerchiel), pp. narchannen
(pl. nerchennin), ger. narchad
nasta- "prick,
point, stick, thrust", inf. nasto, présent nasta,
passé nastanne- (3ème pers.sing. nastant),
fut. nastatha, imp. nasto, part. nastol (perfectif
nestiel), pp. nastannen (pl. nestennin), ger. nastad
nautha- "conceive",
inf. nautho, présent nautha, passé nauthanne-
(3ème pers.sing. nauthant), fut. nauthatha, imp.
nautho, part. nauthol (perfectif nauthiel), pp. nauthannen
(pl. nauthennin), ger. nauthad
!neitha-
"wrong, *deprive", inf. neitho, présent neitha, passé
neithanne- (3ème pers.sing. neithant), fut. neithatha,
imp. neitho, part. neithol (perfectif neithiel),
pp. neithannen, ger. neithad. (Verb deduced to exist
from Túrin's epithet Neithan, The Wronged.)
neledh-
"go in, enter", inf. neledhi, présent neledhi-
(3ème pers.sing. neledh), passé nelenni- (3ème
pers.sing. nelenn), fut. neledhitha, imp. neledho,
part. neledhel (perfectif nelídhiel), pp. nelennen
(pl. nelennin), ger. neledhed
nella- "sound
bells", inf. nello, présent nella, passé
nellanne- (3ème pers.sing. nellant), fut. nellatha,
imp. nello, part. nellol (perfectif nelliel), pp.
nellannen (pl. nellennin), ger. nellad
!nesta-
"heal", inf. nesto, présent nesta, passé nestanne-
(3ème pers.sing. nestant), fut. nestatha, imp. nesto,
part. nestol (perfectif nestiel), pp. nestannen (pl.
nestennin), ger. nestad
nestag- "insert,
stick in", inf. nestegi, présent nestegi- (3ème
pers.sing. nestag), passé nestengi- (3ème
pers.sing. nestanc), fut. nestegitha, imp. nestago,
part. nestagel (perfectif nestógiel), pp. nestangen
(pl. nestengin), ger. nestaged
nimmida- "whiten",
inf. nimmido, présent nimmida, passé nimminne-
(3ème pers.sing. nimmint), fut. nimmidatha, imp.
nimmido, part. nimmidol (perfectif nimmidiel), pp.
nimminnen (pl. nimminnin), ger. nimmidad
nod- "tie,
bind", inf. nedi, présent nedi- (3ème pers.sing.
nôd), passé nynni- (3ème pers.sing.
nunt), fut. neditha, imp. nodo, part. nodel
(perfectif núdiel), pp. nunnen (pl. nynnin)
(the pp. may also be noden), ger. noded
nor- "run",
inf. neri, présent neri- (3ème pers.sing.
nôr), passé nerni- (3ème pers.sing.
norn), fut. neritha, imp. noro, part. norel
(perfectif núriel), pp. nornen (pl. nernin)
ger. nored
nuitha- "stunt,
prevent from coming to completion, stop short, not allow to continue",
inf. nuitho, présent nuitha, passé nuithanne-
(3ème pers.sing. nuithant), fut. nuithatha, imp.
nuitho, part. nuithol (perfectif nuithiel), pp. nuithannen
(pl. nuithennin), ger. nuithad
oltha- "dream",
inf. oltho, présent oltha, passé olthanne-
(3ème pers.sing. olthant), fut. olthatha, imp. oltho,
part. olthol (perfectif elthiel), pp. olthannen (pl.
elthennin), ger. olthad
onna- "beget",
inf. onno, présent onna, passé onne-
(3ème pers.sing. onnant), fut. onnatha, imp. onno,
part. onnol (perfectif enniel), pp. onnen (pl. ennin),
ger. onnad
ortha- "raise",
inf. ortho, présent ortha, passé orthanne-
(3ème pers.sing. orthant), fut. orthatha, imp. ortho,
part. orthol (perfectif erthiel), pp. orthannen (pl.
erthennin), ger. orthad
orthel- "roof,
screen above", inf. ortheli, présent ortheli- (3ème
pers.sing. orthel), passé orthelli- (3ème
pers.sing. orthell), fut. orthelitha, imp. orthelo,
part. orthelel (perfectif erthíliel), pp. orthellen
(pl. orthellin), ger. ortheled. Since the prefix or-
is not umlauted (to er-) in the attested infinitive ortheli
(LR:391 s.v. TEL), we do not introduce umlaut in autre forms, either
(hence present/past/future ortheli-/orthelli-/orthelitha
instead of umlauted forms ?ertheli/erthelli/erthelitha,
and plural pp. orthellin instead of ?erthellin). Cf. also
the next entry, including the same prefix: the infinitive ortheri
"master, conquer" (not ?ertheri) is attested. But since the prefix
os- "round, about" is seen to be subject to umlaut in the verb
osgar- "cut round, amputate" (attested infinitive esgeri
instead of ?osgeri, LR:379 s.v. OS), this may be seen as
inconsistency on Tolkien's part.
orthor-
"master, conquer", inf. ortheri, présent ortheri-
(3ème pers.sing. orthor), passé ortherni-
(3ème pers.sing. orthorn), fut. ortheritha, imp.
orthoro, part. orthorel (perfectif orthúriel),
pp. orthornen (pl. orthernin), ger. orthored
osgar- "cut
round, amputate", inf. esgeri, présent esgeri- (3ème
pers.sing. osgar), passé esgerni- (3ème pers.sing.
osgarn), fut. esgeritha, imp. osgaro, part. osgarel
(perfectif osgóriel), pp. osgarnen (pl. esgernin),
ger. osgared
ovra- "abound".
Inf. ovro, présent ovra, passé ovranne-
(3ème pers.sing. ovrant), fut. ovratha, imp. ovro,
part. ovrol (perfectif evriel), pp. ovrannen (pl.
evrennin), ger. ovrad
pada- "walk
on a track or path", inf. pado, présent pada, passé
panne- (3ème pers.sing. pant), fut. padatha,
imp. pado, part. padol (perfectif pódiel),
pp. pannen (pl. pennin), ger. padad
palan-dir-
"view far and wide", inf. palan-diri, présent palan-diri-
(3ème pers.sing. palan-dir), passé palan-dirni-
(3ème pers.sing. palan-dirn), fut. palan-diritha,
imp. palan-diro, part. palan-diriel (perfectif palan-díriel),
pp. palan-dirnen (pl. palan-dirnin), ger. palan-dired
panna- (1)
"open, enlarge", (2) "fill". Inf. panno, présent panna,
passé panne- (3ème pers.sing. pannant), fut.
pannatha, imp. panno, part. pannol (perfectif penniel),
pp. pannen (pl. pennin), ger. pannad
*partha-
"arrange, compose"; inf. partho (derived from "ON" inf. parthóbi
[prob. misreading for parthóbe], LR:380 s.v. PAR), inf.
partho, présent partha, passé parthanne-
(3ème pers.sing. parthant), fut. parthatha, part.
parthol (perfectif perthiel), pp. parthannen (pl.
perthennin), ger. darthad
pathra- "fill";
inf. pathro, présent pathra, passé pathranne-
(3ème pers.sing. pathrant), fut. pathratha, imp.
pathro, part. pathrol (perfectif pethriel), pp. pathrannen
(pl. pethrennin), ger. pathrad
ped- "say,
speak", inf. pedi, présent pedi- (3ème pers.sing.
pêd), passé penni- (3ème pers.sing.
pent), fut. peditha, imp. pedo, part. pedol
(perfectif pídiel), pp. pennen (pl. pennin),
ger. peded
pel- "fade,
wither", inf. peli, présent peli- (3ème pers.sing.
pêl), passé pelli- (3ème pers.sing.
pell), fut. pelitha, imp. pelo, part. pelol
(perfectif píliel), pp. pellen (pl. pellin),
ger. peled
pelia- "spread",
inf. pelio, présent pelia, passé pelianne-
(3ème pers.sing. peliant), fut. peliatha, imp. pelio,
part. peliol (perfectif póliel), pp. peliannen
(pl. peliennin), ger. peliad
penia- "fix,
set", inf. penio, présent penia, passé penianne-
(3ème pers.sing. peniant), fut. peniatha, imp. penio,
part. peniol (perfectif póniel), pp. peniannen
(pl. peniennin), ger. peniad
penna- "slant
down", inf. penno, présent penna, passé penne-
(3ème pers.sing. pend, or pennant), fut. pennatha,
imp. penno, part. pennol (perfectif penniel), pp.
pennen (pl. pennin), ger. pennad
presta- "affect,
trouble, disturb", inf. presto, présent presta, passé
prestanne- (3ème pers.sing. prestant), fut. prestatha,
imp. presto, part. prestol (perfectif prestiel),
pp. prestannen (pl. prestennin), ger. prestad
puia- "spit",
inf. puio, présent puia, passé puianne-
(3ème pers.sing. puiant), fut. puiatha, imp. puio,
part. puiol (perfectif puiel), pp. puiannen (pl.
puiennin), ger. puiad
rada- "make
a way, find a way", inf. rado, présent rada, passé
ranne- (3ème pers.sing. rant), fut. radatha,
imp. rado, part. radol (perfectif ródiel),
pp. rannen (pl. rennin), ger. radad
raeda- "catch
in net", inf. raedo, présent raeda, passé
raedanne- (3ème pers.sing. raedant), fut. raedatha,
imp. raedo, part. raedol (perfectif raediel), pp.
raedannen (pl. raedennin), ger. raedad
redh- "sow",
inf. redhi, présent redhi- (3ème pers.sing.
rêdh), passé renni- (3ème pers.sing.
rend), fut. redhitha, imp. redho, part. redhel
(perfectif rídhiel), pp. rennen (pl. rennin),
ger. redhed
renia- "stray"
(adapted to Sindarin from the "Noldorin" form "rhenia" in LR:383 s.v.
RAN), inf. renio, présent renia, passé
renianne- (3ème pers.sing. reniant), fut. reniatha,
imp. renio, part. reniol (perfectif róniel),
pp. reniannen (pl. reniennin), ger. reniad
revia- "fly,
sail; wander" (the "Noldorin" infinitive form "rhenio" in LR:382 s.v.
RAM is a misreading for rhevio). Inf. revio,
présent revia, passé revianne- (3ème
pers.sing. reviant), fut. reviatha, imp. revio, part.
reviol (perfectif róviel), pp. reviannen (pl.
reviennin), ger. reviad
*rhib-
"scratch" (adapted to Sindarin from "Noldorin" thribi, LR:387),
inf. rhibi, présent rhibi- (3ème pers.sing.
rhîb), passé rhimmi- (3ème pers.sing.
rhimp), fut. rhibitha, imp. rhibo, part. rhibel
(perfectif rhíbiel), pp. rhimmen (pl. rhimmin),
ger. rhibed
rib- "rush,
fly, fling", inf. ribi, présent ribi- (3ème
pers.sing. rîb), passé rimmi- (3ème
pers.sing. rimp), fut. ribitha, imp. ribo, part.
ribel (perfectif ríbiel), pp. rimmen (pl.
rimmin), ger. ribed
rimma- "flow
like a torrent", inf. rimmo, présent rimma, passé
rimmanne- (3ème pers.sing. rimmant), fut. rimmatha,
imp. rimmo, part. rimmol (perfectif rimmiel), pp.
rimmannen (pl. rimmennin), ger. rimmad
rista- "rend,
rip, cut, cleave", inf. risto, présent rista, passé
ristanne- (3ème pers.sing. ristant), fut. ristatha,
imp. risto, part. ristol (perfectif ristiel), pp.
ristannen (pl. ristennin), ger. ristad
ritha- "jerk,
twitch, snatch", inf. ritho, présent ritha, passé
rithanne- (3ème pers.sing. rithant), fut. rithatha,
part. rithol (perfectif rithiel), pp. rithannen (pl.
rithennin), ger. rithad
rosta- "hollow
out, excavate", inf. rosto, présent rosta, passé
rostanne- (3ème pers.sing. rostant), fut. rostatha,
imp. rosto, part. rostol (perfectif restiel), pp.
rostannen (pl. restennin), ger. rostad
sautha- "drain",
inf. sautho, présent sautha, passé sauthanne-
(3ème pers.sing. sauthant), fut. sauthatha, imp.
sautho, part. sauthol (perfectif sauthiel), pp. sauthannen
(pl. sauthennin), ger. sauthad
seidia- "set
aside; appropriate to a special purpose or owner", inf. seidio,
présent seidia, passé seidianne- (3ème
pers.sing. seidiant), fut. seidiatha, imp. seidio,
part. seidiol (perfectif sódiel), pp. seidiannen
(pl. seidiennin), ger. seidiad
síla-
"shine white", inf. sílo, présent síla,
passé sille- (3ème pers.sing. sill), fut.
sílatha, imp. sílo, part. sílol
(perfectif síliel), pp. sillen (pl. sillin),
ger. sílad
siria- "flow",
inf. sirio, présent siria, passé sirianne-
(3ème pers.sing. siriant), fut. siriatha, imp. sirio,
part. siriol (perfectif síriel), pp. siriannen
(pl. siriennin), ger. siriad
soga- "drink",
inf. sogo, présent soga- (irregular [?] 3ème
pers.sing. sôg), passé sunge- (3ème
pers.sing. sunc) or soganne- (3ème pers.sing. sogant),
fut. sogatha, imp. sogo, part. sogol (perfectif súgiel),
pp. sungen (pl. syngin) or sogannen ("sogennen"
in LR:388 s.v. SUK is probably a misreading, whether this is intended
as a 1st person past tense or a past passive participle) (pl. segennin),
ger. sogad
suilanna-
"greet", inf. suilanno, présent suilanna, passé
?suilanne- (3ème pers.sing. ?suilannant, or peut-être
just ?suilant), fut. suilannatha, imp. suilanno,
part. suilannol (perfectif ?suilenniel), pp. ?suilannen
(pl. ?suilennin), ger. suilannad. Some think this verb
incorporates anna- "to give" and is literally "to give greeting".
If so, it may share the irregularities of anna-. We would then
have past tense ?suilone- with 3ème pers.sing.. ?suilon
(for older suilaun), perfectif participle ?suilóniel,
past participle ?suilonen (pl. ?suilonin).
taetha-
"fasten, tie", inf. taetho, présent taetha, passé
taethanne- (3ème pers.sing. taethant), fut. taethatha,
imp. taetho, part. taethol (perfectif taethiel),
pp. taethannen (pl. taethennin), ger. taethad
*tamma-
"knock". (By a misreading or misprint, LR:390 s.v. TAM has "mn"
for "mm".) Inf. tammo, présent tamma, passé
tammanne- (3ème pers.sing. tammant), fut. tammatha,
imp. tammo, part. tammol (perfectif temmiel), pp.
tammannen (pl. temmennin), ger. tammad
tangada-
"make firm, confirm, establish", inf. tangado, présent tangada,
passé tanganne- (présent tangant), fut. tangadatha,
imp. tangado, part. tangadol (perfectif tengediel),
pp. tangannen (pl. tengennin), ger. tangadad
telia- "play"
(may probably be used in the same broad sense as English "play", referring
to some kind of sport or game as well as to playing an instrument).
Inf. telio, présent telia, passé telianne-
(3ème pers.sing. teliant), fut. teliatha, imp. telio,
part. teliol (perfectif tóliel), pp. teliannen
(pl. teliennin), ger. teliad. (Variant teilia-
below.)
teilia-
"play" (variant of telia- above). Inf. teilio, présent
teilia, passé teiliant, fut. teiliatha, imp.
teilio, part. teiliol (perfectif teiliel - or tóliel?),
pp. teiliannen (pl. teiliennin), ger. teiliad
teitha-
"draw, write", inf. teitho, présent teitha, passé
teithanne- (3ème pers.sing. teithant), fut. teithatha,
imp. teitho, part. teithol (perfectif teithiel),
pp. teithannen (pl. teithennin), ger. teithad
than- "kindle,
set light to", inf. theni, présent theni- (3ème
pers.sing. thân), passé thenni- (3ème
pers.sing. thann), part. thanel (perfectif thóniel),
fut. thenitha, imp. thano, pp. thannen (pl. thennin),
ger. thaned
!thel-
"intend, mean, purpose, resolve, will" (see WJ:319), inf. theli,
présent theli- (3ème pers.sing. thêl),
passé thelli- (3ème pers.sing. thell), fut.
thelitha, imp. thelo, part. thelol (perfectif thíliel),
pp. thellen (pl. thellin), ger. theled
thia- "appear,
seem", inf. thio, présent thia, passé thianne-
(3ème pers.sing. thiant), fut. thiatha, imp. thio,
part. thiol (perfectif thiel), pp. thiannen (pl.
thiennin), ger. thiad
thilia- "glister,
glisten", inf. thilio, présent thilia, passé
thilianne- (3ème pers.sing. thiliant), fut. thiliatha,
imp. thilio, part. thiliol (perfectif thíliel),
pp. thiliannen (pl. thiliennin), ger. thiliad
thinna- "fade,
grow towards evening", inf. thinno, présent thinna,
passé thinne- (3ème pers.sing. thinnant),
fut. thinnatha, imp. thinno, part. thinnol (perfectif
thinniel), pp. thinnen (pl. thinnin), ger. thinnad
thora- "fence",
inf. thoro, présent thora, irregular passé
thore- (3ème pers.sing. thaur), fut. thoratha,
imp. thoro, part. thorol (perfectif thóriel),
pp. thoren (pl. thorin), ger. thorad
thuia- "breathe",
inf. thuio, présent thuia, passé thuianne-
(3ème pers.sing. thuiant), fut. thuiatha, imp. thuio,
part. thuiol (perfectif thuiel), pp. thuiannen (pl.
thuiennin), ger. thuiad
tinna- "glint",
inf. tinno, présent tinna, passé tinne-
(3ème pers.sing. tinnant), fut. tinnatha, imp. tinno,
part. tinnol (perfectif tinniel), pp. tinnen (pl.
tinnin), ger. tinnad
tíra-
"see", inf. tíro, présent tíra, passé
tirne- (3ème pers.sing. tirn), fut. tíratha,
imp. tíro, part. tírol (perfectif tíriel),
pp. tirnen (pl. tirnin), ger. tírad
tir- "watch,
watch over, guard, gaze, look at, look towards", inf. tiri, présent
tiri- (3ème pers.sing. tîr), passé tirni-
(3ème pers.sing. tirn), fut. tiritha, imp. tiro,
part. tiriel (perfectif tíriel), pp. tirnen
(pl. tirnin), ger. tired
tiria- "watch,
guard, gaze, look towards", inf. tirio, présent tiria,
passé tirianne- (3ème pers.sing. tiriant),
fut. tiriatha, imp. tirio, part. tiriol (perfectif
tíriel), pp. tiriannen (pl. tiriennin), ger.
tiriad
toba- "cover,
roof over", inf. tobo, présent toba, passé
tumme- (3ème pers.sing. tump), fut. tobatha,
imp. tobo, part. tobol (perfectif túbiel),
pp. tummen (pl. tymmin), ger. tobad
tog- "lead,
bring", inf. tegi, présent tegi- (3ème pers.sing.
tôg), passé tyngi- (3ème pers.sing.
tunc), fut. tegitha, imp. togo, part. togel
(perfectif túgiel), pp. tungen (pl. tyngin),
ger. toged
tol- "come",
inf. teli, présent teli- (3ème pers.sing.
tôl), passé telli- (3ème pers.sing.
toll), fut. telitha, imp. tolo, part. tolel
(perfectif túliel), pp. tollen (pl. tellin),
ger. toled
toltha- "fetch,
make come", inf. toltho, présent toltha, passé
tolthanne- (3ème pers.sing. tolthant), fut. tolthatha,
imp. toltho, part. tolthol (perfectif telthiel),
pp. tolthannen (pl. telthennin), ger. tolthad
tortha- "wield,
control", inf. tortho, présent tortha, passé
torthanne- (3ème pers.sing. torthant), fut. torthatha,
imp. tortho, part. torthol (perfectif terthiel),
pp. torthannen (pl. terthennin), ger. torthad
trasta- "harass,
trouble", inf. trasto, présent trasta, passé
trastanne- (3ème pers.sing. trastant), fut. trastatha,
imp. trasto, part. trastol (perfectif trestiel),
pp. trastannen (pl. trestennin), ger. trastad
trenar- "recount,
tell to the end"; inf. treneri, présent treneri-
(3ème pers.sing. trenar), irregular passé trenori-
(or treneri-) with 3ème pers.sing. trenor (or trener),
fut. treneritha-, imp. trenaro, part. trenarel (perfectif
trenóriel), pp. ?trenoren (pl. trenorin),
ger. trenared
trevad- "traverse",
inf. trevedi, présent trevedi- (3ème pers.sing.
trevad), passé trevenni- (3ème pers.sing.
trevant), fut. treveditha, imp. trevado, part. trevadel
(perfectif trevódiel), pp. trevannen (pl. trevennin),
ger. trevaded
tuia- "swell;
spring, sprout", inf. tuio, présent tuia, passé
tuianne- (3ème pers.sing. tuiant) (autre suggestion:
tuine-, 3ème pers.sing. tuin), fut. tuiatha,
imp. tuio, part. tuiol (perfectif tuiel), pp. tuiannen
(pl. tuiennin) (autre suggestion: tuinen, pl. tuinin),
ger. tuiad
*yr-
"run" (Sindarin form derived from "Old Noldorin" yurine "I run",
LR:400 s.v. YUR). Inf. yri, présent yri-
(3ème pers.sing. y^r), passé yrni- (3ème
pers.sing. yrn), fut. yritha, imp. yro, part. yrel
(perfectif iúriel), pp. yrnen (pl. yrnin),
ger. yred